Near the time of the collapse, people were generally undernourished, which is reflected in their bones, and they had bad problems with their teeth. Archaeological evidence points to a multitude of factors that could have led to this decline, including internecine warfare, the loss of trade routes, drought, and disease. "[48] According to Hansen, the film depicts the post-classic period when the Maya were influenced by the Toltecs and Aztecs. apocalypto true facts. Andnobody who is colonized deserves it. [via Emory University]. But Gibson was trying to make a story here. You Are Here: ross dress for less throw blankets apprentissage des lettres de l'alphabet apocalypto true facts. A great deal of research went into the making of the film. At the same time, populations were going through the roof. [7][8] Hansen published an essay on the film and a critical commentary on the criticisms of the film. Mary Weismantel has published two books about contemporary indigenous peoples of South America. At its core, "Apocalypse Now" is about a man at the end of his rope heading up a river to try and find a military man who has purportedly gone insane and is living as some sort of demigod deep in. "[11], Other disputed depictions of the Mayas include the sacrifice of commoners and mass graves. Mel Gibson wanted Apocalypto to feature sets with buildings rather than relying on computer-generated images. There was heavy deforestation. What did bug me was the way this fairly OK action movie masqueraded as some kind of accurate historical portrait of the Maya. The film was a box office success, grossing over $120 million worldwide, and received mostly positive reviews, with critics praising Gibson's direction, Dean Semler's cinematography, and the performances of the cast, though the portrayal of Mayan civilization and historical accuracy were criticized. Has to be one of the funniest Apocalypto quotes throughout the whole movie. I think it should have had a little bit more of the culture, such as the pyramids. Many others seek out these traditions as well. Para ello esconde a su esposa embarazada y su hijo en un profundo agujero cercano a su tribu y es capturado mientras luchaba con su pueblo. What if we could clean them out? Northwestern University 633 Clark Street, Evanston, IL 60208 | Evanston: 847-491-3741 | Chicago: 312-503-8649 | [email protected]. Safinia said the mixing of architectures was done for aesthetic reasons. "Apocalypto" is fuzzy about this. Another form of [nonlethal] sacrifice to the Maya is auto-sacrifice, or bloodletting, which was carried out by males by perforating the penis and by women who would pull ropes through their tongues. The Mayas were far more interesting to us. Though unnamed in the movie, the Europeans at the end of the film are led by Christopher Columbus, who made first contact with Mayan cultures in 1502. Theatre Release. For more than 250 years, mathematicians have wondered if the Euler equations might sometimes fail to describe a fluids flow. Hooves stampeded in the muddied earth, pulling up the terrain in clods and blowing them away in a fell swoop. One of Earth's loneliest volcanoes holds an extraordinary secret. Apocalypto was shot on high-definition digital video, using the Panavision Genesis camera. Wait a moment and try again. FACT: Mayan life centered around cities. In the movie 'Apocalypto', the same has been repeated with the depiction of a romantic community that could only have been saved by the arrival of the Europeans in the Mayan nation. apocalypto true facts. Colonel Kurtz was based on a real person. This blood was used in ancestor veneration and other rituals. But definitely, they are going to see how they looked at that time, how they lived.. I thought we'd be doing it on film, but we put the Genesis [camera] up there in a light-weight water housing. Principal photography took place in Mexico from 21 November 2005 and ended in July 2006. Striving for a degree of historical accuracy, the filmmakers employed a consultant, Richard D. Hansen, a specialist in the Maya and assistant professor of archaeology at Idaho State University. Op-ed by anthropology professor Zachary X. Hruby. 5. In the film, Jaguar Paw and other prisoners appear awed by the grandeur of the pyramids as they are led into the Maya city to meet their fate. "[11] An example of attention to detail is the left arm tattoo of Seven, Jaguar Paw's wife, which is a horizontal band with two dots above the Mayan symbol for the number seven. "[31] The Boston Globe's review came to a similar conclusion, noting that "Gibson may be a lunatic, but he's our lunatic, and while I wouldn't wish him behind the wheel of a car after happy hour or at a B'nai Brith function anytime, behind a camera is another matter. This was the last film Gibson directed until 2016's Hacksaw Ridge ten years later. [14], A number of animals are featured in Apocalypto, including a Baird's tapir and a black jaguar. A few critical errors have brought down Russia's complex and objectively brilliant war of influence in the West. Apocalypto seems to have been made to argue that Mayan civilisation was evil and revolting, and that it was a jolly good thing the Spanish turned up to conquer it. - Micro B Life Returning to the fight, Jaguar Paw nearly kills the sadistic Raider named Middle Eye, but is eventually captured. It depicts a nation that probably destroyed itself from within without any influence from outsiders. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Jim Brady, who teaches archeology at Cal State L.A., said he has never heard of the Mayas staging a target practice game with prisoners, but they certainly staged sporting events on ball courts using rubber balls and stone rings. True, a movie is a fictional account that, in most cases, places the drama ahead of the historical verisimilitude. Commentary by Mary Weismantel and Cynthia Robin. The first film with a $100 million budget was True Lies, which was made in 1994. But even in Mayan creation mythology, there is no explicit connection between the end of the Maya calendar and the end of the world. He was trying to depict opulence, wealth, consumption of resources.. best ipsy brands to choose. His tribe comes under attack by raiders from the Mayan city where many of his fellow villagers are cruelly. [19] In Los Angeles, Gibson screened Apocalypto and participated in a Q&A session for Latin Business Association[20] and for members of the Maya community. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. The only people who absolutely disagree are, well, scientists. One Raider is killed by a jaguar; a second by a venomous snake; a third killed by Zero Wolf himself for cowardice; a fourth drowns after crushing his skull against a rock. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Also, ceramic vessels were ubiquitous. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? Hansen and Safinia cant say for certain that such a game ever existed among the Mayas. Our job is to do a beautiful movie. Cast. They find inspiration in great religious traditions that deserve a better representation than they receive in Apocalypto.. After the devastation of their village, they are brought on a perilous journey to a Mayan city for human sacrifice at a time when the Mayan civilization is in decline. Signorett and Sodano were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Makeup for Apocalypto, but lost to the artists who worked on Pans Labyrinth. Apocalypto (/ p k l p t o /) is a 2006 historical epic film produced, co-written, and directed by Mel Gibson.The film features a cast of Native American and Indigenous Mexican actors consisting of Rudy Youngblood, Raoul Trujillo, Mayra Srbulo, Dalia Hernndez, Gerardo Taracena, Rodolfo Palacios, Bernardo Ruiz Juarez, Ammel Rodrigo Mendoza, Ricardo Diaz Mendoza, and . Pyramids were never more than 20 kilometers away from anywhere in the Maya world. The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, How cosmic rays helped find a tunnel in Egypt's Great Pyramid, Who first rode horses? Stereotypes of bloodthirsty savagery and moral degeneracy have been used to vilify indigenous peoples for 500 years - by every government that has sought to justify the denial of civil rights to native peoples. Apocalypto isn't an historical movie, it's more like a Mayan game of thrones: some things aver very accurate, but are outside their time frame, mixed or exaggerated. Once the Raiders and captives reach the city, the females are sold into slavery while the males are escorted to the top of a step pyramid to be sacrificed before the Mayan king and queen. It is this so-called Classic period [A.D. 250 to 900], and especially its end, that the film most resembles, though no date is specified in Apocalypto. Meanwhile, the two remaining Raiders chase Jaguar Paw towards the coast, where all three are astonished at the sight of Spanish conquistadors making their way to the shore. True , a movie is a fictional account that, in most cases, places the drama ahead of the historical verisimilitude. It was a time of particularly bad drought. Did you know if the Maya used sculpted animal heads like the aztec eagle & jaguar warriors? Jade was usually reserved for royal families. It is the essential source of information and ideas that make sense of a world in constant transformation. [5], The film serves as a cultural critique in Hansen's words, a "social statement" sending the message that it is never a mistake to question our own assumptions about morality. The music to Apocalypto was composed by James Horner in his third collaboration with director Mel Gibson. The final decision when making a film is, What is the right balance between historical authenticity and making it exciting, visually as well? said Farhad Safinia, who cowrote the script with Gibson, adding: The film is an all out entertainment thrill ride, and that is what it was always designed to do. All of the dialogue is in the Yucatec Maya language. Comments: administrative support assistant state of alabama 0 intuitive tennis annath . The films hero, played by actor Rudy Youngblood, is a forest dweller who is taken prisoner by a Maya raiding party. The temples are in the shape of those of Tikal in the central lowlands classic style but decorated with the Puuc style elements of the northwest Yucatn centuries later. This is Hollywood, first and foremost, Hansen said. But it is more of a combination of architectural features from both the southern and northern lowlands on the Yucatn Peninsula. It was a great action film that kept me on the edge of my seat, said Sara Zapata Mijares, president and founder of Federacion de Clubes Yucatecos-USA. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. the main theme of it is spot on: thre Maya were obsessed with warfare and in the end, this was what destroyed their society from within. House lots were planned and intensively managed spaces where fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants were grown and where some domesticated animals were raised. Mel Gibson made a very. [51] The arrival of the Europeans in Apocalypto and its thematic meaning is a subject of disagreement. Even in cases of relatively impoverished sites the king would wear false jade beads made of painted ceramic, indicating that the veneer of wealth was crucial no matter what the reality. Set in Yucatn, Mexico, around the year 1502, Apocalypto portrays the hero's journey of a young man named Jaguar Paw, a late Mesoamerican hunter and his fellow tribesmen who are captured by an invading force. It was a combination of religion and politics, but not in the sense that we think of an Egyptian pharaoh as a living god. Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacn! quanto guadagna noemi cantante; forest ave sober living portland maine; abcde assessment osce; restaurants on 380 between denton and mckinney; conceit examples in literature; university of texas athletics staff directory emails; What did Disney actually lose from its Florida battle with DeSantis? percheron breeders near me; manchester public schools teacher contract; arizona cardinals schedule 2022 2023. chevy 350 compression ratio chart; matthew gunner ohanion At that time, it appears that almost all the forest was maintained, manicured, and owned by somebody, and [the fact] that you have a Maya group [in Apocalypto] that doesn't practice agriculture is virtually impossible. Call (225) 687-7590 or what can i bring on a cruise royal caribbean today! Other filming by second-unit crews took place in El Petn, Guatemala. Now Its Paused, Humans Have Always Been Wrong About Humans. Villagers who survived a savage attack are taken by their captors through the jungle to the central Mayan city. And to watch Gibsons Apocalypto, one might not realize that the Mayas were in fact a highly sophisticated people: They mapped celestial objects, developed an accurate 365-day calendar, created their own writing system and perhaps most notably had developed the concept of zero in mathematics. Start your day off right, with a Dayspring Coffee While filming a 170-ft. waterfall for Jaguar Paw's jump scene, a real cow that was trying to cross upstream went over the falls. Mel Gibson's latest film, Apocalypto, tells a story set in pre-Columbian Central America, with the Mayan Empire in decline. The scarification and tattooing was all researched, the inlaid jade teeth are in there, the ear spools are in there. and the help of some tried-and-true daddy . Some question why Gibson included that scene instead of a sport for which the Mayas are truly famous: ball games. Don't miss the old, real mayan guy speaking with a real Mayan accent. In 2006, actor turned filmmaker Mel Gibson revealed to the world his latest film project, Apocalypto . apocalypto true facts. Apocalypto is no different. He also served as a dialogue coach during production. All rights reserved. "[46] Guernsey points out that the film is seen through the lens of Western morality and states that it is important to examine "alternative world views that might not match our own 21st century Western ones but are nonetheless valid. Apocalypto (/pklpto/) is a 2006 historical epic film produced, co-written, and directed by Mel Gibson. There's no evidence that innocent women and men were harvested from the hinterlands and sold into slavery or to provide flesh for sacrifice. These animals can sniff it out. But many of the facts are wrong. "And for you Blunted the balls." -Jaguar Paw. The captives the Maya wanted were the elites from opposing polities, because they represented competition. In the historical adventure Apocalypto, a young Mayan man escapes after being abducted and marked for ritual sacrifice by the society's leaders. The Mayans did engage in decapitation. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. There was nothing in the post-classic period that would match the size and majesty of that pyramid in the film, Hansen said. There are hieroglyphs to suggest that the Maya observed the eclipse. June 17, 2022 . Movie reviewers, however, have noted the film's inaccuracies, though at the same time they have granted the director considerable latitude with a common plea from the movie world: It's just entertainment. This type of sacrifice resembles one that may have been carried out by the Mexica [an Aztec-related group] in central Mexico. As researchers who have spent our lives studying and teaching about the Maya, we cannot help but be disappointed, and even outraged, by the movie. Set in the waning days of the Mayan civilization, the picture provides a trip to a place one's never been before, offering hitherto unseen sights of exceptional vividness and power. Todd McCarthy. [50] Hansen states that this is "conjecture", saying that "all [Gibson was] trying to do there is express the horror of it". After a local man swam into the river and calmed the cow, it climbed up on . "[45] The film's focus on "gratuitous violence"[46] led Julia Guernsey, a professor of Mesoamerican art and culture, to condemn the film, stating in an interview, "there's a lot of really offensive racial stereotyping. But Gibson was trying to depict opulence, wealth, consumption of resources. FACT: Colonialism is an economic system, not a moral punishment. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights. Glamorous influencers are blending science and superstition to help people change their relationship to drinking. Did I miss out by getting sober the old-fashioned way? We shot two fifty-minute tapes without any problemsthough we [did get] water in there once and fogged up. Motivational images|| True facts|| Reality of life @deepmeaning3304 #shorts#trending#imagination #images #lesson #love#sad #success#instagram #real #fact Use the link http://www.nordvpn.com/zefrank to get an exclusive NordVPN deal. Apocalypto. Heres the technology that helped scientists find itand what it may have been used for. The inaccuracies have sparked protests by Native Americans - in the United States, Mexico and Guatemala - as well as by researchers who study the ancient Maya, all outraged by the film's portrayal of the Maya as violent and depraved. Cheap Blu-ray movies and deals. Apocalypto subtitles English. Screenwriter and co-producer Farhad Safinia first met Mel Gibson while working as an assistant during the post-production of The Passion of the Christ. Jaguar Paw decides not to approach the strangers, and they depart, returning to the jungle to seek a new beginning away from the Mayan Raiders and the new strangers. It even displaced memorable Mexican premieres such as Titanic and Poseidon. You can choose a civilization that is bloodthirsty, or you can show the Maya civilization that was so sophisticated with an immense knowledge of medicine, science, archaeology and engineering but also be able to illuminate the brutal undercurrent and ritual savagery that they practiced. And it's hard to locate the film's setting, geographically. [24], On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 65% based on 200 reviews, with an average rating of 6.40/10. S ay what you will about Mel Gibson, but there's no . This equipment was used in a scene in which Jaguar Paw leaps off a waterfall. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done To commemorate NordVPNs11th birthday, for a limited time only - you will also r. Apocalypto 2006 Essay. Later, heavy rain begins to fall, threatening to drown Jaguar Paw's family, who are still trapped in the pit. They need to get over themselves and join the fun. If Apocalypto is meant to to show the terminal Classicthe Classic Maya collapsethen it may have looked in a state of disrepair. [13], According to the DVD commentary track by Mel Gibson and Farhad Safinia, the ending of the film was meant to depict the first contact between the Spaniards and Mayas that took place in 1511 when Pedro de Alvarado arrived on the coast of the Yucatn and Guatemala, and also during the fourth voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1502. In the movie hundreds of people appear to be sacrificed at once. So no, they were not sun-worshippers Gibson has clearlyconfused the Maya with another city-building pagan group, the ancientEgyptians. A New Computer Proof Blows Up Centuries-Old Fluid Equations. Villagers who survived a savage attack are taken by their captors through the jungle to the central Mayan city. Fox News reviewer Marty Friedman is representative of many when he calls the film a "two-hour-plus torture-fest." He continues, "Apocalypto is the most violent movie Disney has ever released, with so much blood spurting out of orifices that even Martin Scorsese would . Safinia said that the films narrative is told through the eyes of the central protagonist, Jaguar Paw, and it is his journey that we follow. Jaguar Paw suffers an arrow wound, but escapes into the jungle, killing Zero Wolf's son Cut Rock in the process. 1. Scientists just confirmed a 30-foot void first detected inside the monument years ago. I wrote off apocalypto as fantasy, I don't know much about Mesoamerica and I assumed that the costume accuracy in Apocalypto was as inaccurate to the Maya as Gladiator was to the roman Legion. The calendar [angle] is so rich, Hansen said. Answer: Apocalypto The language used in this film is referred to as "Yucatec Maya" with subtitles for non-Mayan viewers. Seven gives birth to another son, who is born under the surface of the dangerously rising water. Consider all the violence in the movie; though the Maya practiced warfare and treated their prisoners harshly, the depiction of wall paintings of blue-painted and decapitated prisoners is just wrong. Flint Sky notes that the refugees were sick with fear and urges Jaguar Paw to never allow fear to infect him. FACT: Mel Gibson directs movies about mostly-naked men smeared in oiland blue paint who often run really fast so we can see their musclesflex or bend over and show off their ass cracks. The U.S., Mexico and Guatemala are predominantly Christian nations but have a vibrant religious pluralism. Indigenous political movements across North and South America are fighting for civil rights and cultural recognition, not unlike African-Americans in the 1960s. A heart stopping mythic action-adventure set against the turbulent end times of the once great Mayan civilization. The film is set in the early sixteenth century. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Cond Nast. [39], Aspects of Mayan culture and civilization depicted in Apocalypto are considered by scholars to be historically inaccurate. The Maya civilization is impressive for a number of reasonsa fully developed writing system, amazing architecture, and a complex political system. Actor Robert Duvall called it "maybe the best movie I've seen in 25 years". sonoma academy calendar; why are my bluetooth headphones connected but not working; apocalypto true facts; By . [In Maya artwork] women are traditionally shown in conservative dress, in huipiles, which covered their breasts. [26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale. As they researched the script, Safinia and Gibson traveled to Guatemala, Costa Rica and the Yucatn Peninsula to scout filming locations and visit Maya ruins. Im not complaining because Rudy Youngblood, playing lead Jaguar Paw in this tale of Mayan decadence, was even hotter (and more naked) than 1980s-era Bruce Willis. The Mayas sacrificed nobility and societal elites instead of commoners according to Anthropology professor Stephen Houston. During the first 200 years after the Spanish conquest of the New World - beginning in the 1500s - an estimated 75 million indigenous people were killed. All the while, the populace screams and gesticulates wildly as each severed head comes bouncing down the steps. Let's have a little smackdown between the myths of Apocalypto and the world of facts, shall we? Cueva, Diquis, Inca Empire, Olmec. I think that mel gibson is trying to teach americans a lesson on that. Jaguar shares the internal organs of a nocturnal animal, tapir, amongst his tribe. MYTH: When the Spanish arrived in the Yucatan, the Mayan way of lifedied instantly, just as the syphillis-smeared prophet chick says in Apocalypto. Set in Yucatn, Mexico, around the year 1502, Apocalypto portrays the hero's journey of a young man named Jaguar Paw, a late Mesoamerica n hunter and his fellow tribesmen who are captured by an invading force. Capture, humiliation, and torture of an elite warrior meant usurpation of their goods and resources. Co-writer and co-producer Farhad Safinia found him after Gibson told Safinia to leave set and find local extras willing to be in the movie. But the distorted story of the Maya is likely the only exposure a generation of moviegoers will get to the ancient civilization, and the film does the Maya a disservice. Gibson's film comes at an exciting time for the native peoples of the Americas. Later that night, the tribe gathers around an elder who tells a prophetic story about a being who is consumed by an emptiness that cannot be satisfied, despite having all the gifts of the world offered to him, and who will continue blindly taking until there is nothing left in the world for him to take, and the world is no more. R. 2006. Mel Gibson says Apocalypto, his new movie set during the collapse of the Maya Empire, should not be seen as a historical document. Richard D. Hansen comments, "There was nothing in the post-classic period that would match the size and majesty of that pyramid in the film. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. And more importantly, this also puts the emphasis on the cinematic visuals, which are a kind of universal language of the heart."[5]. . 2. Mel Gibson's latest film, Apocalypto, tells a story set in pre-Columbian Central America, with the Mayan Empire in decline. Native Americans are predominantly Christian but find inspiration in their ancestors' traditions. The promotion for Mel Gibson's new film, Apocalypto, points out all of its realistic touches: It was shot on location in Mexico, it stars Native American actors and its dialogue is not in English but Yucatec Maya. We had a Spydercam shot from the top of [the] 150-foot [46 m] waterfall, looking over an actor's shoulder and then plunging over the edgeliterally in the waterfall. Two of those who attended came away impressed, but added that they too wished Gibson had shown more of the Maya civilization. The two researched ancient Maya history, reading both creation and destruction myths, including sacred texts such as the Popul Vuh. The movie follows the journey of a young man named Jaguar Paw, who is captured by a group of warriors and taken to be sacrificed to the gods. I just caught Mel Gibson's Apocalypto, which was sort of like Die Hard in a jungle with naked guys and pointed sticks. While Mel Gibson financed the film through his Icon Productions, Disney signed on to distribute Apocalypto for a fee in certain markets under the Touchstone Pictures label in North America, and Icon Film Distribution in the UK and Australia. The ancient Maya overused their land and were no longer producing the amount of food they needed. [10] Gibson explains: "I think hearing a different language allows the audience to completely suspend their own reality and get drawn into the world of the film. [5] In the audio commentary of the film's first DVD release, Safinia states that the old shaman's story (played by Espiridion Acosta Cache, a modern-day Maya storyteller[6]) was modified from an authentic Mesoamerican tale that was re-translated by Hilario Chi Canul, a professor of Maya, into the Yucatec Maya language for the film. Post-Apocalypto finds Tenacious D thrust into a world of complete and utter destruction following the drop of an atomic bomb. Human sacrifice was "arguably less common in ancient Maya society. apocalypto true factsshimano stella 20000 sw parts PB Nitom Blog . But life expectancy was low. They reorganized. The Maya kings were seen as potent mediums in terms of communicating with their own ancestors, and the king would also impersonate deities. Totonac, Zapotec, Quito! Archaeological evidence points to a multitude of factors that could have led to this decline, including internecine warfare, the loss of trade routes, drought, and disease. Animatronics or puppets were employed for the scenes injurious to animals.[16]. This type of sacrifice is unknown within the Maya area. By the time the Spaniards arrived, the social problems associated with the Classic period collapse, as portrayed in Apocalypto, did not exist. The Aztecs are known to have sacrificed large numbers of people, though according to the archaeological record, we are unsure of how many would be sacrificed at one time. The movie ends with the Spaniards coming [which didn't happen in Mexico until long after the Classic Maya collapse]. But its a feature film -- not a documentary -- which may let down those looking for accuracy at every turn. Apocalypto is a 2006 film directed by Mel Gibson that tells the story of a Maya tribe facing the end of their civilization. It is important to remember that the Maya didn't disappear. The roughly 5,000-year-old human remains were found in graves from the Yamnaya culture, and the discovery may partially explain their rapid expansion throughout Europe. This is amazing to know! A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. Hansen, Richard D. "Relativism, Revisionism, Aboriginalism and Emic/Etic Truth: The Case Study of, Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases, Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards, Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards, Best Sound Editing in a Feature Film: Dialogue and Automated Dialogue Replacement, Best Sound Editing for Music in a Feature Film, St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards, "With help from a friend, Mel cut to the chase", The Ethics of Anthropology and Amerindian Research, "Dion Beebe, Dean Semler, Tom Sigel, and others on Digital Cinematography", "Mel campaigns for new movie, against war in Iraq", "Gibson takes first starring role in six years", Mel Gibson luxuriates in violence in 'Apocalypto', "Read Spike Lee's 'Essential List of Films for Filmmakers", "A fresh look at tales of human sacrifice Technology & science Science NBC News", "Maya say Gibson movie portrays them as savages", "Classic Maya Bloodletting and the Cultural Evolution of Religious Rituals: Quantifying Patterns of Variation in Hieroglyphic Texts", "The Fourth Voyage of Christopher Columbus (1502)", "What Has Mel Gibson Got Against the Church?